Access

In respect of data access a vertical and a horizontal regulatory dimension can be distinguished. The first one regards access to data and related processing information by single data subjects vis-à-vis data controllers. From this perspective, access rights are a substantiation of the principle of transparency and are an essential means for the protection of data subjects’ fundamental rights, first of all the fundamental right to data protection. The horizontal perspective relates to access to data among third parties, such as other businesses or public institutions. From this perspective, thus, access regimes and corresponding rights advance the free flow of personal data within the internal market for the ultimate promotion of market innovation objectives.