Study on safety of non-embedded software; Service, data access, and legal issues of advanced robots, autonomous, connected, and AI-based vehicles and systems : final study report regarding CAD/CCAM and industrial robots

As part of the ‘Study on Safety of non-embedded software’ TNO, VVA, and SSSA analysed the legal and business landscape and the challenges and opportunities related to new advanced technologies associated with digitisation and AI. The team studied: The safety of non-embedded software by gathering evidence and analysing the key risks, focusing on CAD-CCAM (Collaborative Automated Driving - Cooperative, Connected and Automated Mobility). The team also mapped the legal framework surrounding those risks in eight Member States. Different scenarios and conditions for the implementation of CAD-CCAM in Europe. The study identified specific issues which affect the impact of CAD-CCAM and provided empirically founded recommendations for policy measures to facilitate the future business uptake of the technology. The testing, certification, and liability framework applicable to industrial robots and CAD-CCAM in Europe and eight Member States. The team analysed how high levels of product quality and safety can be ensured and how liability rules can be shaped in order to provide desirable incentives to all players involved. The state-of-art and recommended requirements of Event Data Recorders (EDRs) suited for monitoring the operation of AI systems such as CAD-CCAM. The project provided a prospective foresight study on specifications of EDRs